Researchers analyzed surveys from more than 1,700 female-to-male, or FTM, transgender people from the U.S., conducted between 2008 and 2009. The majority of survey participants were white (nearly 74 percent) and between 25 and 44 years old (more than 65 percent).
The analysis revealed roughly 42 percent of FTM survey participants reported experiencing verbal harassment, physical assault or denial of equal treatment in a physician’s office or in a hospital.
Discrimination experiences were more frequently reported by FTM individuals who:
- Were also Native American or multiracial
- Identified as queer or asexual
- Had a graduate degree
- Lived full-time as their nonbirth gender
- Used hormones or surgery for medical transition
- Had identification documents that listed the individual’s preferred gender
FTM individuals who were 45 years or older and who reported an annual income of $60,000 or more reported less discrimination than other FTM individuals.
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