The Future of Hospital Prices Driven by Two Opposing Forces: Consolidation & Consumerism. What Will be the Net Result?

A study published yesterday by the Center for Studying Health System Change found that in some markets, dominant hospitals charge prices for inpatient care that are up to 60 percent higher than the lowest-priced market competitor.
For outpatient care the difference balloons to 100 percent in some markets.
The reason? Bargaining power.
Hospitals and health systems with greater market clout can demand higher prices, and often, insurers will pay them because an insurance product without that provider wouldn’t be attractive to employers in the market.
Many dominant providers have long justified their higher prices by arguing that their provision of the most complex treatments, subspecialty services and medical education increases their operating costs, which must be taken into account when pricing services.
While this is a fair argument, it simply passes the buck. It’s essentially the same as saying: “Yes, healthcare is unsustainably expensive, and yes, something must be done to rein in its ever-growing costs. However, we can’t be the ones to do it. We need to keep our costs high to continue to care for the most complex cases.”

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Instead of justifying high prices, dominant providers should acknowledge them and actively work to bring them down through cost containment and care coordination efforts. As healthcare becomes more consumer-driven, due to increasing patient financial responsibility, it will be interesting to see if consumers agree with insurers that dominant players can’t be passed over. My guess is that a lower-cost provider that offers equivalent quality will win the consumers’ dollars. A narrow-network plan that provides significant savings with a little less access may look pretty attractive to cash-strapped consumers.

Of additional concern, as Paul Levy, former CEO of Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital in Boston, highlighted in his blog post on the study, is that current trends in consolidation are poised to make these dominant providers even more dominant (as they acquire other providers and gain market clout by doing so).

Levy cites a June article in the New York Times on healthcare consolidation:

“If there is one thing that economists know, it is that market concentration drives prices up — and quality and innovation down.”

While much of the healthcare system has looked to consolidation as a major factor in driving clinical integration — which many believe will help lower costs through better care coordination — economists may question the validity of that argument.

It will be fascinating to see how the forces of increased consolidation (which increases prices) and consumerism (which drives them down) will interact over the next few years.

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