Happiness in 13 physician specialties for millennials, older generations

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Thirty percent of millennial physicians report their happiness as “improved,” compared to 21% of earlier generations, according to Medscape.

Medscape surveyed more than 5,700 physicians across more than 29 specialties between July 1 and Oct. 2. “‘If Boundaries Are Set, It Is Possible:’ Medscape Physician Mental Health & Well-Being Report 2025” compiles well-being metrics from all specialties. Separate reports were also published, broken down according to specialty.

Millennial physicians were more likely than older colleagues to report that their overall work-life balance improved (31% versus 23%), that their family relationships improved (27% versus 20%) and that their friendships improved (19% versus 14%).

Here are 13 specialties with their individually reported rates of overall happiness compared to earlier generations.

Cardiology

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved23%12%
Stayed the same50%55%
Worsened27%33%

Dermatology

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved29%24%
Stayed the same43%48%
Worsened28%28%

Emergency medicine

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved28%20%
Stayed the same36%40%
Worsened36%39%

Family medicine

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved29%23%
Stayed the same37%42%
Worsened34%35%

Hospitalist

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved31%23%
Stayed the same45%46%
Worsened23%32%

Neurology

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved33%18%
Stayed the same39%42%
Worsened28%40%

OB-GYN

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved38%21%
Stayed the same37%46%
Worsened25%33%

Oncology

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved27%18%
Stayed the same44%57%
Worsened30%25%

Orthopedics

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved30%15%
Stayed the same58%49%
Worsened11%36%

Pediatrics

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved27%22%
Stayed the same47%44%
Worsened26%34%

Plastic surgery

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved15%22%
Stayed the same56%44%
Worsened28%35%

Psychiatry

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved32%31%
Stayed the same46%43%
Worsened22%27%

Urology

Overall happinessMillennialsEarlier generations
Improved30%25%
Stayed the same35%35%
Worsened36%40%
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