While the origins of our current employer-sponsored system haven’t led to market efficiency, to say the least, it seems that this system is unlikely to change drastically anytime soon. Efficiency should improve due to other market reform and employers’ transition toward consumer-driven plans, but it could be slow.
I’ll close with a bit of interesting history about the birth of employer-sponsored health coverage in the U.S. In a Wall Street Journal Economix blog post, Princeton economist Uwe Reinhardt explains:
“Our employment-based system was not the product of a carefully designed health policy. It was a byproduct of evading wage controls during World War II.
At the time it was thought that, as the nation’s drafted military personnel risked their limbs and life on foreign battlefields at low, tightly controlled pay, those who stayed behind should have their wages controlled as well.
But with the wink of the eye with which Congress routinely puts loopholes into the tax laws or regulations it imposes, the wage controls imposed in World War II did not extend to fringe benefits. And thus, employer-paid fringe benefits, including employment-based health insurance, were born.”
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